Patient safety and its relationship with specific self-efficacy, competence, and resilience among nursing students: A quantitative study.

BACKGROUND: Patient safety is a relevant subject in the nursing curriculum. Each university programs patient safety teaching and practical training differently. However, few studies have sought to explore the relationship between patient safety as perceived by nursing students and other important psychosocial competencies in the nursing curriculum, such as self-efficacy, competence, and resilience. OBJECTIVES: To analyze differential patient safety integration into three nursing education programs, and to assess agreement levels regarding patient safety climate, students' knowledge of patient safety and correlations with specific self-efficacy, competence and resilience. METHODS: Participants were 647 undergraduate students from three universities. Patient safety climate and knowledge of patient safety (good praxis) were measured using the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture for nursing students, and other psychosocial variables were also analyzed using other instruments: specific self-efficacy, perceived competence and resilience. Nursing education programs and patient safety climate were analyzed using the Rwg(j) and ICC measures of inter-rater agreement across different academic levels. RESULTS: The ICC and Rwg indexes revealed high inter-rate agreement in all three universities. Differences were observed between Univ-2 and Univ-3 in patient safety climate scores and agreement values between academic levels. Differences in good praxis were found when academic levels were compared in Univ1-and Univ-2. Patient safety climate was found to correlate significantly with the psychosocial variables studied, but only in Univ-1. CONCLUSIONS: Perceived patient safety climate differs between universities and academic levels. This competency is related to self-efficacy, competence and resilience, which endorses the assessment of patient safety integration from a broader perspective.

Development, Application and Evaluation of an Active Learning Methodology for Health Science Students, Oriented towards Equity and Cultural Diversity in the Treatment and Care of Geriatric Patients.

The increased aging of populations and rises in immigration have prompted the design of new methodologies and instruments for fostering the invisible care of geriatric patients among health science students in accordance with the 2030 Agenda and the SDGs. A total of 656 psychology, nursing and dentistry students participated in this study, which had a pretest-posttest design and was implemented over the course of three academic years. The intervention groups received training using an active learning methodology based on a case study involving a geriatric patient; specifically, a Maghrebi woman. The control groups were not exposed to the case study. The CCI-U questionnaire was designed ad hoc to evaluate the acquisition of invisible competences for caring for geriatric patients in accordance with their age, sex, emotional situation and ethnic origin. The questionnaire had a reliability of α = 0.63 to 0.72 and its factor solution was found to have a good fit. Students in the intervention groups scored higher than those in the control groups, with the difference being statistically significant for ethnic origin in all three undergraduate courses and all three academic years. The proper application of this active learning methodology fosters the invisible care of geriatric patients among students in accordance with the 2030 Agenda.

Measuring invisible nursing interventions: Development and validation of Perception of Invisible Nursing Care-Hospitalisation questionnaire (PINC-H) in cancer patients.

Visible nursing work is usually associated with formal work and physician-delegated tasks which are protocolised and usually well documented. Nevertheless, nurses carry out many actions and display specific attitudes and behaviours which, despite contributing to the well-being, recovery of patients and satisfaction with the attention received, are not as visible. Previous studies have been conducted in order to define 'invisible nursing interventions', but no quantitative instruments focused on measuring invisible nursing interventions have been found in the literature. PURPOSE: To test the psychometric properties of the Perception of Invisible Nursing Care-Hospitalisation (PINC-H) questionnaire. METHODS: Cross-sectional survey design. A self-administered questionnaire was completed by 381 participants recruited consecutively after discharge from a Spanish hospital. Data were collected from 2012 to 2020. RESULTS: Three factors were identified from exploratory factor analysis, namely 'Caring for the person', 'Caring for the environment and the family' and 'Caring presence'. Criterion Validity Coefficient was highly significant (p < 0.001) with values ranging between 0.63 and 0.71. Cronbach's alpha was 0.96. Test-retest reliability was estimated in a subsample of 187 participants; in all the items, correlation coefficients were highly significant (p < 0.001) and within range (0.532-0.811) with a mean value of 0.680. Also, correlations between each dimension and the complete questionnaire indicated good temporal stability between measurements. CONCLUSIONS: The instrument had satisfactory validity and reliability. PINC-H can contribute to highlight nursing interventions and behaviours which are often unseen and, thus, less valued. We argue that PINC-H will also be useful to evaluate the quality of invisible nursing care to oncology inpatients.

Testing general self-efficacy, perceived competence, resilience, and stress among nursing students: An integrator evaluation.

The purpose of this study was to develop a predictive model for perceived competence and to obtain an integrator evaluation of the nursing curriculum with measures of nursing self-efficacy, general self-efficacy, resilience, and stress among nursing students. A correlational study with nursing students (N = 265) from the degree in nursing was conducted. A factor analysis was used to test the construct validity of nursing self-efficacy and perceived competence. The correlational and discriminant analyses evaluated the factors in the four academic levels of the degree (2016-2017) to identify the variables involved in the classification of the students in each level. The results of exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses of nursing self-efficacy and perceived competence revealed a statistically significant good fit and consistency. Nursing self-efficacy, general self-efficacy, resilience, and year of the degree course predicted 34% of perceived competence scores. The discriminant function of nursing self-efficacy, perceived competence, and resilience classified 76% of participants in the first and last years of the degree. Nursing self-efficacy, perceived competence, and resilience increased with academic level. They help chart nursing students' progress through the curriculum.

Factors contributing to stress in clinical practices: A proposed structural equation model.

Aim: To propose a predictive model of procedural and emotional stress in clinical placements while testing self-efficacy as a possible mediator factor. Design: The study used an exploratory correlational design. Method: A total of 334 nursing students completed the KEZKAK-stress in clinical practice, AG-general self-efficacy and CEA-academic overload questionnaires, along with one about leadership. Sociodemographic information was also included. Results: Confirmatory factor analyses and internal consistency reliabilities were satisfactory in all questionnaires. Procedural stress and emotional stress were confirmed by KEZKAK [χ2 (674) = 1,555.58, p = .001; χ2/df = 2.308, CFI = .90, IFI = 91, RMSEA = .06]. The structural equation method for procedural stress and emotional stress had an acceptable fit. They revealed that academic level influenced the perception of leadership and academic overload in both procedural stress and emotional stress. General self-efficacy only mediated emotional stress. Hospital unit acted independently as a predictor of procedural stress.

Adapting and validating the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture (HSOPS) for nursing students (HSOPS-NS): A new measure of Patient Safety Climate.

BACKGROUND: Patient Safety Culture and Patient Safety Climate (PSC) are different factors. PSC is the shared perception that is held within a hospital's area or unit at a specific moment in time. This measure is necessary for designing activities for promoting and improving safety. It must include the perception of all the agents involved, including future nurses throughout their patient safety education. OBJECTIVES: The aim was to adapt and validate a new version of the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture (HSOPS), targeted specifically at nursing students. It provides a new comprehensive and more complete measure of PSC that contributes to improving patient safety. METHODS: Data were obtained from 654 undergraduate and postgraduate nursing students. PSC was tested using factor analyses and structural equation modeling. In order to facilitate the improvement of PSC, we examined differences in climate strength across different academic groups using the Rwg(j) and ICC measures of inter-rater agreement. RESULTS: Factor analyses confirmed a five-factor solution that explained between 52.45% and 54.75% of the variance. The model was found to have adequate fit χ2 (5) = 14.333, p = .014; CFI = 0.99; RMSEA = 0.05. Cronbach's alphas for PSC were between 0.74 and 0.77. "Teamwork within units" was the highest rated dimension, and "Staffing" the lowest rated. Medium-to-high scores were obtained for PSC. The median of Rwg (j) was high in the five dimensions of the PSC survey, supporting the idea of shared climate perceptions (0.81-0.96) among undergraduate and postgraduate nursing students. CONCLUSIONS: HSOPS-NS is a useful and versatile tool for measuring the level and strength of PSC. It screens knowledge regarding patient safety in clinical practice placements and compares nursing students' perceptions of the strength of PSC. Weaknesses perceived in relation to PSC help implement changes in patient safety learning.

Publicación científica: causas de rechazo de manuscritos en función de la pertinencia / Scientific publication: causes of rejection of manuscripts depending on the relevance

El fenómeno del rechazo de manuscritos en las revistas científicas es un hecho que preocupa a autores y a editores. El informe desfavorable del editor produce frustración al romper las expectativas de los autores, que casi nunca están de acuerdo con el parecer de los evaluadores; mientras que los procesos de arbitraje son tan laboriosos y poco reconocidos que un rechazo siempre produce la sensación de haber trabajado para un resultado infructuoso. Por ello las revistas científicas adoptan estrategias para acortar los tiempos y procedimientos de evaluación cuando se presume que un manuscrito no tiene potencial para obtener una valoración positiva en los procedimientos habituales de revisión por pares

The phenomenon of the rejection of manuscripts in scientific journals is a fact that worries authors and editors. The unfavorable report of the editor produces frustration by breaking the expectations of the authors, who almost never agree with the opinion of the evaluators; while arbitration processes are so laborious and unrecognized that a rejection always produces the feeling of having worked for an unsuccessful result. Therefore, scientific journals adopt strategies to shorten evaluation times and procedures when it is assumed that a manuscript does not have the potential to obtain a positive assessment in the usual peer review procedures

La escala CIBISA. Herramienta para la autoevaluación del aprendizaje práctico de estudiantes de enfermería / The CIBISA scale. Self-assessment tool for practical learning of nursing students

Objetivo principal: Elaborar y validar un cuestionario para medir el aprendizaje de los cuidados enfermeros durante las prácticas en el grado de enfermería. Metodología: Elaboración de la escala inicial de 45 ítems, pilotaje de la herramienta con alumnado de la Universidad de Zaragoza y Universidad del País Vasco, mediante análisis de la fiabilidad y de estructura. Posterior consulta a expertos para validación de contenido. Resultados principales: El resultado del pilotaje reportó que el global de la herramienta presentaba buena fiabilidad (alfa=0,888), con una estructura unidimensional que explica el 66% de la varianza. El grupo de expertos confirmó la estructura unidimensional de la escala, y propuso la eliminación de 17 ítems por considerarlos redundantes. Conclusión principal: La herramienta presentada resulta útil para la evaluación del aprendizaje del alumnado. Resultaría necesario ampliar el estudio con muestras de otras universidades, e incluir herramientas que aporten validez convergente o divergente

Objective: Development and validation of a questionnaire to measure the learning of nursing care during Nurse Degree clinical practices. Methods: Elaboration of a 45-item initial scale, pilot study with students from University of Zaragoza and University of Pais Vasco, through reliability and structural analysis. Content validation through experts consulting. Results: Pilot-study result a good reliability (alpha=0,888) in the global tool, with a unidimensional structure accounting for variance 66%. The expert panel confirmed that unidimensional structure for the scale, and considered 17 items redundant, proposing its elimination. Conclusions: Presented tool is useful for students learning assessment. It would be necessary to Include samples from other universities and tools that provide convergent and divergent validity in further studies

¿Provocan las enfermeras su propia invisibilidad? A propósito del caso de María / Are nurses causing their own invisibility? In relation to Maria's case

Se presenta un caso extraído de la práctica asistencial hospitalaria en el que se analizan las acciones que realizan y omiten las enfermeras, lo cual contribuye a fomentar la visibilidad o invisibilidad de las mismas. Tras el mencionado análisis se proponen mejoras relacionadas con distintas habilidades, conocimientos y actitudes en las enfermeras que van a redundar en la mejora de los niveles de bienestar, autocuidado y seguridad de la paciente

A case report of hospital care practice is presented. The performed and the omitted actions that promote the visibility or invisibility of nurses are analyzed. Following the afore mentioned analysis, some suggestions are proposed regarding different skills, knowledge and attitudes from nurses that will lead to improved welfare levels, self-care and patient safety

La oportunidad de un diagnóstico / The opportunity of a diagnosis

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La incidencia de eventos adversos potencialmente atribuibles a los cuidados enfermeros en unidades hospitalarias / The occurrence of adverse events potentially attributable to nursing care in hospital units

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La enfermera novel en la relación de cuidado a propósito de un caso de hemorragia / The Novice Nurse In The Relationship Based Care. A Case Report Of Haemorrhage

En el presente trabajo se expone un caso en el que una enfermera novel establece una interacción con una paciente ingresada debido a un dolor abdominal agudo. Tras la asistencia a las necesidades físicas, la enfermera decide indagar en las dimensiones emocional y social para detectar aspectos que requieren atención y aplicar conocimientos teóricos para el abordaje de una Relación de Cuidado eficiente, entendiendo ésta como un proceso de atención enfermero verdaderamente integral que contribuye a la construcción de una relación de confianza que transmite seguridad y fomenta el bienestar

This paper presents a case in which a novice nurse establishes interaction with a patient admitted in a hospital due to acute abdominal pain. Having care for the physical needs nurse decides to investigate the emotional and social dimensions identifies issues that need to be addressed and implements theoretical knowledge for the approach of an efficient Relationship Based Care. This is a process of truly holistic nursing care that contributes to build a relationship of trust that conveys security and promotes well-being

El estudio de casos, un instrumento de aprendizaje en la relación de cuidado / Case study, a learning tool of relationship-based care

La Relación de Cuidado es considerada como un proceso de atención integral que incluye los aspectos físicos, emocionales, comunicativos y espirituales que se sustenta en la individualización de los cuidados cuyos ejes principales son la construcción de una relación de confianza y seguridad y el fomento de la autonomía de la persona. El Estudio de casos es un método útil para analizar diferentes situaciones clínicas, identificar puntos fuertes y débiles de la Relación de Cuidado establecida por la enfermera y plantear soluciones y estrategias para mejorarla. Con este trabajo pretendemos mostrar las potencialidades del Estudio de casos como instrumento para aprender y visibilizar la Relación de Cuidado, de manera que pueda ser utilizado tanto para comunicar experiencias obtenidas en la práctica clínica, como para el adiestramiento del estudiante en ciclos degrado y posgrado

Relationship-Based Care is considered as an integral process of caring which includes physical, emotional, communicative and spiritual aspects. It is based on the individualization of care and it requires a relationship of trust, security and promoting personal autonomy. We propose the Case study as a method for analyzing different clinical situations through which we can identify strengths and weaknesses of the relationship established by the nurse and raise solutions and strategies to improve it. The Case study is a useful method to analyze different clinical situations, to identify strengths and weaknesses of the Relationship-Based Care established by the nurse and propose solutions and strategies to improve it. This paper expects to show the potentiality of the Case study as a tool to learn and make visible the Relationship-Based Care, so it can be used to communicate experiences obtained in clinical practice as well as a tool in Bachelor and postgraduate training